Igneous and metamorphic processes explained using crystallization theory, phase diagrams, thermodynamics and geochemistry; laboratory study of rocks, their chemical and mineralogical signatures, and their geologic origins.

This course explores cycles, trends, and abrupt events in the Earth system.  Analyses of the geologic record and global climate models provide perspective for understanding paleoclimate and future climate changes, including global warming.  Current hypotheses for causes of climate change are evaluated including plate tectonics, orbital cyclicity, variations in the sun's strength, and human activities.  The two reoccuring questions of this course are:  What are Earth's climate stories? and How do we know?

Co-taught with S. Baedke. An elective course for science majors. A study of the basic theories and techniques of laboratory methods and instrumentation. Implementation and application of techniques to geological problems.

This course prepares students for independent research by providing them the fundamental skills in literature searches, writing, critical reading, and communication in the geosciences

A one-credit lab and field course which explores either the geologic story of Skyline Drive, VA, or the history of volcanoes in western Virginia. We observe rock textures, identify rock types, faults, and folds, and use these observations to interpret the geologic history of the area with the aid of geologic maps and cross-sections.

A systematic study of earth materials including the internal and external processes that affect earth structure and landforms. Topics include the genesis/properties of rocks and minerals, plate tectonics, and the agents of change that drive surface processes and land-form development.